There are generally two requirements for public playground surfaces. First, play surfaces must have sufficient shock absorbency to minimize the likelihood of life-threatening head injury (the impact attenuation requirement under ASTM F 1292).Since 79% of playground injuries are a result of falls, the surface beneath the playground is critical in preventing injury.Second, new or substantially improved playgrounds must be accessible to persons with disability (the access requirement under ASTM F 1951).

Playground surfaces are typically characterized as “loose fill” or “unitary”.Loose-fill systems include sand, pea gravel, rubber mulch, wood chips and engineered wood fiber.Unitary systems are bonded and include poured in place, rubber tile, and synthetic turf.It is important to note that a wide variety of loose-fill and unitary surfaces satisfy the impact attenuation requirements, but only certain shock absorbing surfaces also satisfy the access requirements.Unitary surfaces are considered accessible, as is engineered wood fiber when properly maintained and tested, but beyond that there is substantial noncompliance with the access requirements.Sand and pea gravel are not considered accessible.Other loose-fill materials require satisfactory testing.Dirt and grass are never considered acceptable playground surfaces.

Playground owners can reduce potential liability and comply with current standards by purchasing and maintaining playground surfaces that satisfy the impact attenuation and accessibility requirements.But how do owners ensure that surfaces comply with current standards?Simple - by purchasing products independently tested and certified by IPEMA as compliant with current standards.Suppliers of compliant products have relevant test reports and can furnish them on request.